2018 考博英语 完形填空四步做题法
2018考博英语完形填空的本质考三点：1，词性。2，词意。3，上下文关联。
这里面有一点很重要，如果给出的15个单词选项里里你有一半以上的词都不认识，也不打算认识。那么，这篇文章就请不必费神往下读了。诚劝你下次再考。
考博英语词汇 ，是重要基石。没有词汇此生莫谈英语。
15选10, 有5个单词是干扰项，限你10分钟以内完成。每个单词只选一次。时间紧，任务重，因此做题要尽量快和准。
来看一篇考博英语完形填空真题文章。
MANY Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate. Many 36 do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books.
The 37 Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year—less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries,spending 5.2 hours a week with a book. Argentines, their neighbours, 38 18th. The government and businesses are all struggling in different ways to change this. On March 13th the government 39 a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things.
One discouragement to reading is that books are 40 . Most other books have small print-runs, pushing up their price.
But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the country's leaders long 41 education. Primary schooling became universal only in the 1990s.
All this means that Brazil's book market has the biggest growth 42 in the western world, But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004,89million, including textbooks 43 by the government—than they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazil's national library 44 . He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites had eaten much of the 45 . that ought to be a cause for national shame.
A average
B collection
C distributed
D exhibition
E expensive
F launched
G named
H neglected
I normal
J particularly
K potential
L quit
M ranked
N simply
O treasured
简述做题步骤：
1. 首先预读选项，目前一是大致了解词义，二是把选项分为四大类词性：名词，动词，形容词和副词，最好在每个选项后面作词性的简要标记(名:n. 动:v. 形:adj. 副:adv.)动词过去式的亦作标记v+ed。
2. 文章的开头一般不出题，因为按照西方人思维方式，开门见山，所以开头通常是了解全文话题的所在。为保证主题句完整，一般不会设题。所以你一定要认真精读全文开头部分，尤其是第一句话，目的是把握文章主题，知道在讲什么，因为英语文章的最大特点是：全篇都基于一个主题展开论述，意即只要主题弄懂了，之后每空进行选择的时候都不能偏离或悖逆此主题。
3. 根据前后文来判断每空所缺失的句子成份，并判断应填入词的词性，比如缺谓语，当然选动词;缺宾语或主语，一般选名词。什么都不缺，却有一个空格，那说明空格处只能做修饰成份，要选形容词或者副词，以副词为优先选择。
4.之后，把对应该词性的选项逐一带回原文，再用上下文逻辑关系，固定搭配(固定搭配是每年必考的内容，如果你发现空格前后出现介词，一般要优先考虑是固定搭配)和句子大意来选择，最终能保证句子通顺，时态及主谓搭配一致的词为正确选项。
注意：在把选项词与原文进行匹配的时候，有时长难句会让阅读难度增加，请将重点放在句子主干的翻译上，可以先译出主谓宾或仅空格前后内容，若句子通顺，即可进行选择。
以上面的真题为例，按我上面写的四大步骤，简单讲几题：
一，预读并标记选项
A average n. / adj.
B collection n.
C distributed v+ed
D exhibition n.
E expensive adj.
F launched v+ed
G named v+ed
H neglected v+ed
I normal adj.
J particularly adv.
K potential adj./n.
L quit v./v+ed
M ranked v+ed
N simply adv.
O treasured v+ed
二，读本文首句得知大意是巴西人不读书，文盲多。本文所选项即围绕此展开。
三，看36空发现所在的句子结构完整，并不缺成分，说明该空填修饰成分，先试副词。发现副词仅有J particularly(专门地、特别地)和N simply(简单地、仅仅) .
四，把这两个词带回原文，结合首句主题来看，空格所在的句子意思是许多人不想读。发现simply更符合句意，可译为“许多人仅仅是不想学。”与原文首句对应，首句说巴西人不读书，之后紧接着说许多人仅仅是不想学。前后呼应。
第一题完成，看37空。
该空定冠词之后，名词Brazilian之前，是需要一个形容词来修饰之后的中心名词Brazilian。看选项中的形容词有A) average(平均的、普通的)E) expensive(昂贵的)K) potential(潜在的)，该空所在的这句话是在讲巴西人每年的读书量，reads 1.8 non-academic books a year提示这里是在描述平均值。所以average符合句意，可译为“普通的巴西人每年读1.8本非学术书目”。
第二题完成，看38空。
该空是该句的谓语成分，所以缺动词。且通过上句的27th和本句的18th,可知都在讲数字或名次，说明两句并列，而前句用的过去式came，因此该空也需填入动词过去式。备选的选项有：C) distributed(分发、散布)、F) launched(发射、发动)、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽视)、L) quit(退出、辞职)、M) ranked(排名)和O) treasured(珍惜)。能与空后的18th构成合理搭配的只有ranked，意思表示“阿根廷排在第18位”。而前句描述的也是巴西的排名27th。前后并列，句意一致。
注意：本文归作者所有，未经作者允许，不得转载
